Cosmos

ATOM

Network:
Mainnet
•
Chain ID:
cosmoshub-4
•
Current Node Version:
v25.2.0

Overview

Cosmos is an ecosystem of interoperable, application-specific blockchains designed to create an “Internet of Blockchains.” Instead of relying on a single monolithic chain where all applications share the same execution environment, Cosmos enables independent blockchains to communicate and exchange value through standard protocols. The Cosmos Hub, secured by the ATOM token, acts as a key routing and coordination center within this network.

Cosmos separates core blockchain functions into modular components: consensus, networking, and application logic. Using the Cosmos SDK and CometBFT (formerly Tendermint), developers can build sovereign chains that define their own state machines, tokens, and governance rules, while still remaining connected to the wider ecosystem. This “app-chain” model lets projects optimize their chains for specific use cases such as DeFi, gaming, infrastructure, or identity.

Interoperability in Cosmos is powered by the Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol. IBC allows blockchains to securely send tokens, messages, and other data between each other without relying on centralized bridges. This creates a composable environment where applications on different chains can integrate, share liquidity, and coordinate functionality.

Cosmos’ architecture leads to three major advantages:

Interoperability – IBC enables secure, standardized communication and asset transfer across many independent chains.
Sovereignty – Each chain controls its own governance, economics, and upgrades while still participating in the wider Cosmos ecosystem.
Customization & scalability – The Cosmos SDK makes it easier to build specialized blockchains that scale horizontally by adding more chains instead of overloading a single one.

In summary, Cosmos provides a modular, interoperable framework for building and connecting sovereign blockchains, making decentralized networks more flexible, scalable, and collaborative.

Public Endpoints

Type	Endpoint	Link
RPC	https://cosmos-mainnet-rpc.crouton.digital
API	https://cosmos-mainnet-api.crouton.digital
gRPC	cosmos-mainnet-grpc.crouton.digital:14990
peer	def524b19130cbbc671ea6635d18f426f4afaa96@5.9.95.101:14956

Guide

INFO

This guide provides a complete and reliable setup for running a Cosmos mainnet node and validator. Here you’ll find everything you need - from downloading binaries and configuration files to initializing the node, managing keys, applying snapshots, and maintaining a stable validator environment. Follow the steps carefully to ensure a smooth and secure deployment on the Cosmos network.

Prepare

Update and install packages

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y && \
sudo apt install curl tar wget clang pkg-config libssl-dev libleveldb-dev jq build-essential bsdmainutils git make ncdu htop screen unzip bc fail2ban htop -y

Installing Go

VER="1.22.0"
cd $HOME && \
wget "https://golang.org/dl/go$VER.linux-amd64.tar.gz" && \
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go && \
sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf "go$VER.linux-amd64.tar.gz" && \
rm "go$VER.linux-amd64.tar.gz" && \
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin:$HOME/go/bin" >> $HOME/.bash_profile && \
source $HOME/.bash_profile && \
go version

Binary

git clone unknow cosmos
cd cosmos
git checkout v25.2.0
make install
gaiad version --long | grep -e version -e commit
# version: v25.2.0
# commit: 6e74cf647f60ef59f4dfade16bd41ff890539fb0

Initialization

Initialize the node (replace VALIDATOR_NAME with your own)

gaiad init VALIDATOR_NAME --chain-id cosmoshub-4 && \
gaiad config chain-id cosmoshub-4 && \
gaiad config keyring-backend os

Genesis

Download genesis

wget https://storage.crouton.digital/mainnet/cosmos/files/genesis.json -O $HOME/.gaia/config/genesis.json

Addrbook

Download addrbook

wget https://storage.crouton.digital/mainnet/cosmos/files/addrbook.json -O $HOME/.gaia/config/addrbook.json

Configuration

EXTERNAL_IP=$(wget -qO- eth0.me)

NODE_NUMBER="1"
sed -i.bak \
    -e "s/\(proxy_app = \"tcp:\/\/\)\([^:]*\):\([0-9]*\).*/\1\2:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 266))58\"/" \
    -e "s/\(laddr = \"tcp:\/\/\)\([^:]*\):\([0-9]*\).*/\1\2:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 266))57\"/" \
    -e "s/\(pprof_laddr = \"\)\([^:]*\):\([0-9]*\).*/\1localhost:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 60))60\"/" \
    -e "/\[p2p\]/,/^\[/{s/\(laddr = \"tcp:\/\/\)\([^:]*\):\([0-9]*\).*/\1\2:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 266))56\"/}" \
    -e "/\[p2p\]/,/^\[/{s/\(external_address = \"\)\([^:]*\):\([0-9]*\).*/\1${EXTERNAL_IP}:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 266))56\"/; t; s/\(external_address = \"\).*/\1${EXTERNAL_IP}:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 266))56\"/}" \
    -e "s/\(prometheus_listen_addr = \":\)\([0-9]*\).*/\1$(($NODE_NUMBER + 266))60\"/"                            $HOME/.gaia/config/config.toml

sed -i.bak \
    -e "/\[api\]/,/^\[/{s/\(address = \"tcp:\/\/\)\([^:]*\):\([0-9]*\)\(\".*\)/\1\2:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 13))17\4/}" \
    -e "/\[grpc\]/,/^\[/{s/\(address = \"\)\([^:]*\):\([0-9]*\)\(\".*\)/\1\2:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 90))90\4/}" \
    -e "/\[grpc-web\]/,/^\[/{s/\(address = \"\)\([^:]*\):\([0-9]*\)\(\".*\)/\1\2:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 90))91\4/}" \
    -e "/\[json-rpc\]/,/^\[/{s/\(address = \"\)\([^:]*\):\([0-9]*\)\(\".*\)/\1\2:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 85))45\4/}" \
    -e "/\[json-rpc\]/,/^\[/{s/\(ws-address = \"\)\([^:]*\):\([0-9]*\)\(\".*\)/\1\2:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 85))46\4/}" $HOME/.gaia/config/app.toml 
    
echo "export NODE=http://localhost:$(($NODE_NUMBER + 266))57" >> $HOME/.bash_profile && \
source $HOME/.bash_profile && \
gaiad config node $NODE

Create a service file

sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/gaiad.service > /dev/null <<EOF 
[Unit]
Description=cosmos_node
After=network.target

[Service]
User=$USER
Type=simple
ExecStart=$(which gaiad) start --home $HOME/.gaia
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

Start the node

sudo systemctl daemon-reload && \
sudo systemctl enable gaiad && \
sudo systemctl restart gaiad && \
sudo journalctl -u gaiad -f -o cat

Snapshot

Block Height	Size	Indexer	Last Snapshot	Download
	594G	null

Restore node from snapshot

sudo apt install lz4 -y && \
sudo systemctl stop gaiad && \
cp $HOME/.gaia/data/priv_validator_state.json $HOME/.gaia/priv_validator_state.json.backup && \
rm -rf $HOME/.gaia/data && \
curl https://storage.crouton.digital/mainnet/cosmos/snapshots/cosmos_latest.tar.lz4 | lz4 -dc - | tar -xf - -C $HOME/.gaia && \
mv $HOME/.gaia/priv_validator_state.json.backup $HOME/.gaia/data/priv_validator_state.json && \
sudo systemctl restart gaiad && \
sudo journalctl -u gaiad -f

State Sync

Restore node from state sync

SNAP_RPC="https://cosmos-mainnet-rpc.crouton.digital:443" && \
sudo systemctl stop gaiad && \
cp $HOME/.gaia/data/priv_validator_state.json $HOME/.gaia/priv_validator_state.json.backup && \
gaiad tendermint unsafe-reset-all --home $HOME/.gaia --keep-addr-book && \
peers="def524b19130cbbc671ea6635d18f426f4afaa96@5.9.95.101:14956" && \
sed -i.bak -e "s/^persistent_peers *=.*/persistent_peers = \"$peers\"/" $HOME/.gaia/config/config.toml && \
LATEST_HEIGHT=$(curl -s "$SNAP_RPC/block" | jq -r .result.block.header.height) && \
BLOCK_HEIGHT=$((LATEST_HEIGHT - 1000)) && \
TRUST_HASH=$(curl -s "$SNAP_RPC/block?height=$BLOCK_HEIGHT" | jq -r .result.block_id.hash) && \
echo "$LATEST_HEIGHT $BLOCK_HEIGHT $TRUST_HASH" && sleep 2 && \
sed -i.bak -E "s|^(enable[[:space:]]+=[[:space:]]+).*$|\1true| ;
s|^(rpc_servers[[:space:]]+=[[:space:]]+).*$|\1\"$SNAP_RPC,$SNAP_RPC\"| ;
s|^(trust_height[[:space:]]+=[[:space:]]+).*$|\1$BLOCK_HEIGHT| ;
s|^(trust_hash[[:space:]]+=[[:space:]]+).*$|\1\"$TRUST_HASH\"| ;
s|^(seeds[[:space:]]+=[[:space:]]+).*$|\1\"\"|" $HOME/.gaia/config/config.toml && \
mv $HOME/.gaia/priv_validator_state.json.backup $HOME/.gaia/data/priv_validator_state.json && \
sudo systemctl restart gaiad && \
sudo journalctl -u gaiad -f

Upgrade Node

VER="v25.2.0"
git clone unknow cosmos && \
cd $HOME && \
rm -rf cosmos && \
git clone unknow cosmos && \
cd cosmos && \
git checkout tags/$VER -b $VER && \
make install && \
sudo systemctl restart gaiad && \
sudo journalctl -u gaiad -f

Delete Node

sudo systemctl stop gaiad && \
sudo systemctl disable gaiad && \
sudo rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/gaiad.service && \
sudo rm "$(which gaiad)" && \
sudo rm -rf "$HOME/.gaia"

Key management

# This command generates a new wallet with a unique keypair.
# Use this to create a secure, brand-new wallet for transactions.
# Your wallet name = "wallet"
gaiad keys add wallet

Validator management

gaiad tx staking create-validator \
  --amount 1000000uatom \
  --moniker "VALIDATOR_NAME" \
  --identity "" \
  --website "" \
  --details "" \
  --from wallet \
  --commission-rate 0.1 \
  --commission-max-rate 0.2 \
  --commission-max-change-rate 0.01 \
  --min-self-delegation 1 \
  --pubkey $(celestia-appd tendermint show-validator) \
  --chain-id cosmoshub-4 \
  --gas auto \
  --gas-adjustment 1.4 \
  --gas-prices 0.002uatom \
  -y

Validator commands

# Retrieves comprehensive information regarding the validator.
# This command is utilized to fetch details about the current validator, including its address, public key, and associated data.
# Your wallet name = "wallet"
gaiad q staking validator $(gaiad keys show wallet --bech val -a)

Onchain

# Withdraw all accumulated rewards from your account.
# This command retrieves and withdraws all rewards earned from staking.
# Your wallet name = "wallet"
gaiad tx distribution withdraw-all-rewards --from wallet --chain-id cosmoshub-4 --gas-adjustment=1.15 --gas auto --gas-prices 0.002uatom -y